WITH emergence of new government, focus has completely shifted to economic reforms and reviving wheel of money. Maintaining balance of payment, foreign funds and maintaining monetary policy as per international norms has been priority of current government which shall be fruitful as time passes. However in recent years, Pakistan has witnessed a significant surge in migration, as thousands of its citizens seek opportunities abroad for a better standard of living. The motivations behind this exodus range from economic hardships to social instability, and the trend has become particularly pronounced in light of recent data.
According to the EU Agency for Asylum, 28,000 Pakistanis lodged asylum applications in EU plus countries between October 2023 and October 2024. This figure underscores a growing desperation among the country’s populace, with Italy emerging as the top destination, followed by France, Greece, and Germany. Despite multiple efforts by government, economy has been grappling with persistent challenges, including high inflation, unemployment, and a weakening currency. These issues have rendered everyday life increasingly unaffordable for a large segment of the population. Many middle-class families, once the backbone of the country’s economic stability, find themselves slipping into poverty. The promise of better job prospects and improved living conditions abroad has become an irresistible draw for countless Pakistanis.
The construction and agricultural sectors in Italy, for instance, offer employment opportunities that are unavailable or poorly compensated in Pakistan. The lure of higher wages and better working conditions makes Italy a preferred destination for those willing to undertake arduous journeys and face legal hurdles. Similarly, France, Greece, and Germany, with their diverse economies and relatively open immigration policies, continue to attract Pakistani migrants seeking stability and opportunity.
Beyond economic struggles, Pakistan’s socio-political landscape has further fuelled migration. Instability, characterised by frequent protest from opposition, corruption, and a lack of effective governance, has created an environment of uncertainty. For many, the future in Pakistan appears bleak, prompting them to look abroad for security and prospects. Social pressures also play a role. Marginalised and minority individuals often face discrimination and violence, forcing many to flee for their safety. The deteriorating law and order situation in certain regions of the country adds another layer of insecurity, making migration not just an option but a necessity for survival.
The surge in asylum applications by Pakistanis in EU Plus countries is a testament to the dire conditions driving this migration wave. Italy’s position as the top destination aligns with its proximity and the established networks of Pakistani diaspora communities, which facilitate the integration of new migrants. France, Greece, and Germany also remain popular due to their established asylum mechanisms and economic opportunities. Many asylum seekers cite persecution, conflict, and systemic failures in Pakistan as reasons for their claims. However, the asylum process in these countries is often lengthy and uncertain, leaving applicants in a precarious state. Despite the challenges, the numbers indicate a growing determination among Pakistanis to seek refuge and rebuild their lives in Europe.
Migration, especially when undertaken through irregular channels, comes with significant risks. Human trafficking networks and exploitative smugglers often prey on vulnerable individuals, promising safe passage to Europe but delivering them into dangerous and inhumane conditions. Reports of migrants enduring perilous sea journeys, cramped and unsanitary living conditions, and even loss of life are not uncommon. For those who manage to reach their destination, the challenges do not end. Cultural integration, language barriers, and limited access to resources can make the process of rebuilding their lives abroad a daunting task. Despite these obstacles, many Pakistanis view migration as a necessary gamble for a chance at a better future.
The rising tide of migration has profound implications for Pakistan. On one hand, remittances sent back by overseas Pakistanis constitute a significant source of foreign exchange for the country, bolstering its economy. According to the State Bank of Pakistan, remittances have consistently contributed billions of dollars annually, helping to offset trade deficits and stabilize the currency. On the other hand, the brain drain resulting from this exodus poses a serious challenge. The loss of skilled professionals, such as doctors, engineers, and IT specialists, deprives the country of critical human resources needed for its development. This talent drain exacerbates existing gaps in key sectors and hinders Pakistan’s ability to compete on a global scale.
The growing number of Pakistani migrants in Europe has also drawn international attention. EU countries face the dual challenge of addressing the humanitarian needs of asylum seekers while managing their own political and economic concerns. The influx of migrants has fueled debates over immigration policies, border control, and integration strategies in these countries. For Pakistan, this trend underscores the urgent need for policy reforms.
Addressing the root causes of migration—such as economic instability, political corruption, and social inequality—is essential to stem the outflow of its citizens. Strengthening governance, investing in education and job creation, and ensuring the protection of vulnerable groups are critical steps in this direction. The Pakistani diaspora plays a crucial role in supporting migrants and shaping perceptions of Pakistan abroad. Established communities in Italy, France, Greece, and Germany often serve as a lifelines for new arrivals, providing guidance, financial assistance, and emotional support. These networks also contribute to the host countries’ economies while maintaining cultural ties to Pakistan. However, the diaspora’s influence extends beyond individual support.
Advocacy and lobbying efforts by Pakistani communities can help address issues such as discriminatory immigration policies and the rights of asylum seekers. By highlighting the contributions of Pakistani migrants to their host countries, the diaspora can foster greater acceptance and integration. The rising tide of migration from Pakistan is a complex phenomenon driven by a combination of economic, political, and social factors. While the immediate focus remains on addressing the needs of migrants and asylum seekers, the long-term solution lies in creating conditions within Pakistan that eliminate the need for such large-scale migration.
—The writer is Educator at SELD, Sindh.
