SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening neurological condition characterized by bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the brain and the thin tissues covering it. In Pakistan, SAH is an emerging public health challenge with significant implications for the healthcare system and affected populations. SAH accounts for approximately 5-10% of all strokes worldwide, but the exact statistics for Pakistan remain underreported due to limited data collection and under-diagnosis. However, recent studies suggest that the incidence of SAH in Pakistan is rising, particularly affecting adults aged 40 to 60. The condition often results in severe neurological deficits, prolonged hospital stays, and high mortality rates, placing a substantial burden on families and the healthcare system. This burden is exacerbated in Pakistan by a lack of specialized care and limited access to advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities. Many patients do not receive timely interventions due to delays in diagnosis, inadequate referral systems, and the scarcity of neurosurgical expertise in remote areas. Additionally, cultural and socioeconomic factors contribute to delayed healthcare-seeking behavior, resulting in poorer outcomes for patients with SAH.
Dr. Mohsin Khan, a renowned neurosurgeon and leading authority in SAH research, is pioneering the integration of artificial intelligence into neurosurgical practice. Currently based at Hamad General Hospital in Qatar, Dr. Khan has nearly a decade of experience and has authored almost 35 peer-reviewed publications. His groundbreaking work on predictive modeling and AI applications in SAH prognosis has earned him international recognition, positioning him as a key figure in advancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for SAH patients. In addition to his clinical expertise, Dr. Khan collaborates with prestigious institutions and mentors the next generation of neurosurgeons, underscoring his dedication to enhancing both neurosurgical education and patient care. Today, Dr. Khan continues to advocate for better healthcare access and awareness in Pakistan, addressing the urgent need for improved SAH management across the country.
The impact of SAH on Pakistan’s population is profound, affecting not just individual patients but also their families and communities. Survivors of SAH often face long-term disabilities, including cognitive impairments, speech difficulties, and physical limitations, which can hinder their ability to work and live a normal life. This places a significant financial strain on families, who must cope with the costs of ongoing medical care, rehabilitation, and lost income. The psychological toll on families is equally severe, as they contend with the sudden and often devastating nature of SAH. The lack of public awareness about SAH only worsens the situation, leading to stigma and misconceptions about the condition. Many people remain unaware of the risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, and a family history of aneurysms, increasing the likelihood that the disease will go undiagnosed or untreated.
When asked about the devastation SAH causes and what people should watch out for, Dr. Khan explained, “Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke caused by bleeding in the space surrounding the brain. It’s incredibly dangerous because it can strike without warning. In Pakistan, the situation is particularly concerning due to limited access to specialized neurosurgical care and advanced diagnostic tools. Many people don’t realize that factors like uncontrolled hypertension, smoking, and even a family history of brain aneurysms significantly increase their risk of SAH.”
Unfortunately, there’s a lack of awareness, and early symptoms—like sudden, severe headaches or neck pain—are often ignored, leading to delayed treatment and poorer outcomes. Dr. Khan’s research focuses on using AI to improve early diagnosis and predict patient outcomes, which could be a game-changer. He is also keen to incorporate these advances in hospitals across Pakistan. But, more importantly, he stresses the need for people to be proactive about their health: regular check-ups, managing blood pressure, and lifestyle changes can make a big difference. The goal is to empower the public with knowledge and ensure they have access to the right care when it matters most.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is not just a medical condition but a pressing public health issue that demands immediate attention in Pakistan. With the increasing incidence of SAH and the high stakes involved, there is an urgent need for improved healthcare infrastructure, greater public awareness, and a proactive approach to prevention and early detection. Dr. Khan’s pioneering research in integrating artificial intelligence into the clinical management of SAH offers a promising pathway to better outcomes. However, it is clear that community involvement and education are equally critical. By recognizing risk factors, seeking timely medical advice, and advocating for better healthcare resources, individuals and communities can play a vital role in reducing the burden of this condition. Dr Khan remains committed to advancing SAH care in Pakistan, providing hope and direction in the battle against this silent yet devastating disease. As he continues his groundbreaking work, the message is clear: with the right knowledge and resources, SAH can be managed effectively, and lives can be saved.
—The writer is contributing columnist.
