CLIMATE change is an existential threat to the world, and Pakistan has been grappling with its effects for decades, including environmental degradation, flooding damaging the agricultural sector, erratic weather patterns and famine. In 2022 alone, Pakistan lost nearly USD 30 billion in agriculture, a sector crucial to the economy as it contributes 40% of state jobs. Balochistan, the largest province, is particularly vulnerable, with climate-induced shifts in rainfall impacting crop yields and increasing famine risks.
Coastal regions like Gwadar face rising sea levels, while rural areas endure extreme weather such as cyclones, storms and flash floods, heightening risks to human lives. To address these challenges, Balochistan’s policymakers must develop a climate security policy aimed at protecting communities, economies, and environments. Governments and NGOs play a crucial role in this effort.
Improving Water Management: In Balochistan, 70% of farmers struggle with inadequate access to consistent water supplies. Declining groundwater levels have rendered the Ka-rez system non-functional, affecting both farmers and the wider community. Most people rely on tube-well water, exacerbating water scarcity issues. Urgent water management strategies are needed, including the construction and repair of dams, canals, and water storage systems to effectively manage and store water. This will help resolve the water scarcity problems.
Ensuring Clean and Safe Water: The healthcare sector in Balochistan faces numerous challenges due to climate change’s impact on agriculture, leading to food insecurity and malnutrition. Reports indicate approximately 270 million malaria cases annually, particularly in Kohlu and Barkhan districts. Urgent measures are needed to ensure safe and clean drinking water to safeguard public health and reduce waterborne diseases like malaria. Encouraging Farmers: Local farmers often lack knowledge of modern agricultural technology. Authorities should provide training on techniques that protect soil and reduce water use. Encouraging crop rotation, organic farming, and planting drought-resistant crops will help improve agricultural resilience.
Research & Development: The government should invest in research and development (R&D) to introduce new agricultural programs and crops that can withstand extreme weather conditions caused by climate change. Infrastructure Development: Building infrastructure such as roads and bridges is crucial for ensuring access to resources during extreme weather events. This development will support public safety and resource access in emergencies. Climate Change Funds: Policymakers should establish a framework for climate change funding in the annual budget. Additionally, the federal government should grant the Balochistan provincial government autonomy to negotiate directly with international organizations for technical assistance, technological advancements, and financial support.
Inclusive Decision-Making: The government must foster an inclusive decision-making process by involving communities in planning and decision-making. This approach will ensure that policies address local needs and challenges effectively. Partnership with International Stakeholders: The provincial government should establish partnerships with international stakeholders to leverage resources for climate projects in Balochistan. This engagement will enhance Balochistan’s representation in international climate change forums and raise awareness of its climate challenges.
Role of Community and Social Workers: Local communities and social service platforms should promote tree planting—encouraging individuals to plant at least 4 to 5 trees or vegetation in their homes and workplaces. This collective effort can combat desertification and improve air quality. Educating farmers and residents about climate change and adaptation strategies will further aid in mitigating its effects and preparing for extreme weather conditions. By implementing these strategies, Pakistan can better protect its agriculture, manage water resources and reduce the impact of floods and other climate-related challenges.
