PAKISTAN stands at a pivotal moment in its history, grappling with a multitude of economic, political and social challenges. These issues are deeply interconnected, creating a complex web that requires strategic intervention by all stakeholders, including politicians, bureaucrats, judiciary, military and media. Understanding the role each has played, and what needs to be corrected, is crucial for the nation’s progress.
Pakistan’s economy has been under significant stress, with key issues including high inflation, fiscal deficits and soaring debt. The country’s GDP growth has been sluggish, with high unemployment rates and underemployment remaining persistent problems affecting millions of households. Pakistan’s external debt obligations are around $116 billion, putting pressure on foreign reserves and limiting the government’s ability to spend on development projects and social welfare.
The role of politicians, bureaucrats, judiciary, military and media must be clearly defined and oriented towards national interest. Political instability has been a hallmark of Pakistan’s history, with frequent derailment of the democratic system since independence in 1947. This disruption has undermined policy continuity and investor confidence. Corruption remains a significant issue, affecting all levels of government and eroding public trust. Efforts to combat corruption have seen mixed results, with many high-profile cases yet to conclude. Weak governance and lack of accountability in political leadership have hindered effective policy implementation. Strengthening institutions and ensuring accountability are crucial for stable governance.
Social issues such as poverty, education and healthcare are critical areas needing attention. Nearly 24.3% of Pakistan’s population lives below the poverty line. Addressing poverty requires comprehensive social welfare programs and economic opportunities for marginalized communities. The literacy rate in Pakistan is around 59%. The education system suffers from underfunding, poor infrastructure and a lack of trained teachers. Pakistan spends only about 2.6% of its GDP on healthcare, leading to an under-resourced and overburdened healthcare system.
The bureaucracy is responsible for implementing policies and ensuring effective governance. However, inefficiencies, red tape and lack of accountability have often hindered their performance. The judiciary plays a vital role in upholding the rule of law and ensuring justice. However, the judicial system is plagued by delays, backlogs and questions of impartiality. Ensuring judicial independence and improving the efficiency of the legal system are pivotal in establishing a welfare state.
The disciplined approach and resources of the military have also played a vital role in stabilizing various regions, supporting civil institutions, maintaining peace and assisting in national development. The media’s role is also important in safeguarding the interests of citizens; however, it must balance reporting with responsibility. This includes improving fair and reasonable tax collection, managing public debt and fostering an environment conducive to business and investment. Ensuring political stability through transparent and fair elections, effective governance and reducing corruption will help build investor confidence and create a stable environment for economic development.
Investing in social sectors such as education, healthcare and social welfare programs is essential for human capital development. This requires not just increased funding, but also systemic reforms to improve the quality and accessibility of these services. Strengthening institutions through reforms that enhance efficiency, transparency and accountability is critical. This includes reforms in the bureaucracy, judiciary and political institutions. The role of politicians, bureaucrats, judiciary, military and media must be clearly defined and oriented towards national interest to ensure sustainable progress and stability.
—The writer is a contributing columnist, based in Lahore.
