THE recent Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Pakistan highlighted the organization’s increasing importance in fostering multilateral cooperation in Eurasia. This year’s summit emphasized regional security, economic collaboration and energy partnerships, all essential areas for addressing shared challenges in an evolving geopolitical landscape. The SCO’s role in maintaining regional stability is becoming more critical, given the complex environment in which these nations operate.
A significant outcome of the summit was the renewed emphasis on enhancing cooperation in counterterrorism, cross-border crime and regional security. Member states reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening collaboration through the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), focusing on terrorism, separatism and extremism. This renewed focus is especially timely, as the region continues to face security challenges stemming from Afghanistan’s instability and broader concerns. The SCO summit emphasized the importance of Afghanistan’s stability for regional security, with Pakistan reaffirming its commitment to peace. Economic integration and infrastructure development, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), were prioritized, with a focus on improving regional connectivity, trade and fostering long-term economic growth.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was highlighted at the SCO summit as a flagship project for regional connectivity. Its success showcases the benefits of large-scale infrastructure investments, strengthening Pakistan’s ties with China and opening new trade avenues. Other SCO member states expressed interest in similar models, emphasizing their critical role in the organization’s broader economic agenda. Beyond infrastructure, the summit focused on expanding trade and investment within the SCO region. Member states explored ways to reduce dependence on external markets and strengthen intra-regional trade, particularly important given the recent disruptions in global supply chains. This focus on economic resilience comes at a time when many countries are recognizing the value of regional integration as a buffer against global volatility.
The leaders also discussed streamlining bureaucratic and logistical barriers to trade to ensure that economic integration progresses smoothly. The SCO’s ongoing efforts to facilitate trade agreements, improve customs procedures and build infrastructure were central to the discussions. By prioritizing these initiatives, the organization hopes to generate economic benefits that will contribute to the overall prosperity of the region. Energy security was another key focus of the summit, with member states exploring ways to enhance cooperation in this vital area. Russia’s role as a major energy supplier remains critical within the SCO and discussions on expanding energy trade were productive. Given the fluctuating oil and gas prices and the ongoing transition to renewable energy, the summit emphasized the need for diversified energy sources.
The transition to renewable energy featured prominently, as member states seek to reduce their carbon footprints and meet international climate commitments. Pakistan’s increasing investments in renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, were praised as a step in the right direction. The summit provided a platform for member states to share their experiences and expertise in the renewable energy sector, fostering regional cooperation in this area. The need for a regional framework that balances energy security and environmental sustainability was underscored during the discussions. SCO countries face the dual challenge of meeting growing energy demand while addressing the impacts of climate change. As a result, energy collaboration is expected to play an increasingly important role in the organization’s future, with a focus on ensuring long-term sustainability and resilience.
Environmental concerns were also a key part of the summit’s agenda, as climate change continues to pose significant risks to many SCO member states. Pakistan, which has been particularly affected by extreme weather events such as floods and heatwaves, used the summit to advocate for greater cooperation in climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Discussions on reforestation projects, water management and cross-border ecological conservation initiatives highlighted the need for a collective approach to environmental challenges. Member states stressed the importance of regional cooperation in developing climate-resilient infrastructure and addressing water scarcity, which has become a growing concern as the impacts of climate change intensify. The summit also emphasized the sharing of technology and expertise to improve environmental resilience. By pooling resources and knowledge, SCO countries can better prepare for the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring that their populations and economies are protected from environmental risks.
Overall, the summit reaffirmed the SCO’s evolving role as a platform for addressing a wide range of regional issues. From security and economic development to environmental cooperation, the outcomes reflect the commitment of member states to advancing collective solutions. While aligning the interests of such a diverse group of countries remains a challenge, the summit demonstrated a strong consensus on the need for multilateral cooperation. In a world where geopolitical tensions are rising, the SCO’s ability to foster dialogue and promote multilateralism is more important than ever. By focusing on pragmatic approaches and concrete outcomes, the SCO has proven that it can serve as an effective forum for tackling the complex challenges facing Eurasia. The emphasis on regional connectivity, energy security and climate cooperation at this summit underscores the organization’s growing relevance in an evolving global context.
The SCO summit in Pakistan provided a valuable opportunity for member states to strengthen cooperation in critical areas such as security, trade, energy and environmental protection. The discussions on Afghanistan, regional connectivity and renewable energy were particularly significant, addressing some of the region’s most pressing challenges. As the SCO continues to evolve, its role in promoting regional stability, economic development and sustainability will be vital. The outcomes of this summit demonstrate the organization’s commitment to addressing these challenges. With continued dialogue and collaboration, the SCO has the potential to remain a powerful force for regional cooperation and stability in Eurasia.
—The writer is an active Climate Youth Delegate for UNFCCC, UNEP, and UNESCO.
