Triumph of democracy: European insight & Asian challenges
IN the early stages of human civilization, small populations relied on a group of elders to make decisions that would benefit their communities. With rising populations, the need for wider participation in government was necessary, resulting in the birth of democracy. For democracy to survive, people must value coexistence and it gives people authority over their government. Many European countries are now seen as examples of successful democracies, with their dedication to democratic values and principles. Democracy has been adopted in many Asian countries, but hurdles still exist, particularly in upholding the true principles of democracy. A democracy is built on the principle of protecting its citizens without prejudice to their religion, caste or social class. A democratic state cannot meet its obligations to protect its citizens if it does not safeguard the rights of all groups.
Democracies in Europe have been notably effective in setting up regulations and structures that guarantee the rights of citizens, regardless of their background. This dedication to inclusivity and equal treatment has resulted in a strong sense of belonging and connection among all types of people. A sense of justice and communal harmony has been fostered in these countries by promoting equality and rejecting discrimination due to caste, creed or sect. In a true democracy, power is not held by a majority or a minority but is shared among all in its goals, duties and objectives. This calls for the formation of local bodies. These local councils are an important part of Western democracies. Nevertheless, many Asian countries where democracy has not been effective have not been able to shift power to local councils.
Compromise and agreement are essential components of democracy, allowing those of different political affiliations to work together to meet the needs of the whole society. This concept has been embraced by European democracies, creating an environment where all groups in society are allowed to be involved in decision-making. However, the political strife in many Asian democracies has made it difficult to uphold the ideals of democracy. A democratic nation cannot be stable and functional without the rule of law. This ensures that the laws are administered justly and reliably, regardless of an individual’s rank or impact. Many democracies in Europe have created robust legal structures that honour the principles of justice and equity, protecting the privileges of their citizens. Adhering to the rule of law builds trust in organizations and makes a setting that encourages economic expansion and social advancement.
A democratic government is also obligated to its citizens and works vigorously for the benefit of the general population. The improvement of the people is the main goal and providing justice, equity and human rights is essential for democracy. For many Asian populations, the welfare of the average people has become a far-off dream as elite capture and dynastic politics have imposed misery and suffering on the poverty-stricken communities in various Asian democracies. In democratic systems, the separation of powers enables institutions to function properly, providing a safeguard against the accumulation of power. Democracies of the West have put these fundamentals into practice, forming a structure that puts the well-being and advancement of their citizens first.
Although European democracies have made progress in protecting democratic values, certain Asian countries have had difficulty embracing the concept of democracy. Hero worship has caused a major issue, leading to the weakening of democratic principles in many Asian countries. Hero worship involves people blindly following a leader without questioning their leader’s wrongdoings. In these cases, leaders are placed on pedestals and their actions often go unquestioned, stifling healthy debate and critical thinking. Hero worship corrodes the very foundations of democracy, which relies on its people being actively engaged and critically examining it. Asian democracies, which have been struggling to make democracy a success, have to start addressing these issues and emphasizing the improvement of their democratic fundamentals to improve the lives of their citizens.
Democracy is not inherently a weak type of government. To make democracy work, these countries must make sure human rights are safeguarded, create a level playing field for all citizens, and make sure their government is based on the rule of law. With regards to Pakistan, a country with a rich heritage and an incredibly varied population, it is essential to reinforce democratic institutions and generate an atmosphere where citizens can have a voice in the decision-making process. Ensuring human rights including freedom of speech and assembly is cardinal to form a thriving civil society that can hold its leaders responsible. Encouraging equality and refusing to tolerate discrimination based on religious or ethnic distinctions can build a sense of solidarity and social stability.
Providing justice and fairness to all citizens without any distinction requires taking steps toward strengthening the rule of law and establishing a speedy judicial system. Holding fast to the doctrine of separation of powers can construct a system that is resistant to external interference and ensures the rights of its people. We must use education as a tool to challenge the reality of elite capture and dynastic politics. A stable democracy in Pakistan can only be achieved through education. For all political parties to be successful, they have to promote inclusiveness within their ranks and the notion of power concentration should be censured. Above all, there is a need for developing political consensus within the state to get rid of the curse of political instability.
The power of democracy is evident in its capacity to facilitate the involvement of citizens and protect their rights and freedoms. European democracies have succeeded in upholding the essentials of democracy, whereas many developing countries are struggling to fully embrace its principles. Studying successful democratic models and removing the barriers that prevent democracy can help us create a stronger, more inclusive and more prosperous democratic future. The success of democracy is based on loyalty to its core principles and the consistent work to refine and adjust to the changing needs of society.
—The writer is CSS Officer, based in Sargodha.
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