THE Think Tank Forum held in Beijing on April 23, 2026, brought together diplomats, intellectuals and senior journalists from more than 30 countries to examine China’s governance system and assess whether it is emerging as a viable alternative model on the global stage.
While the successes of China’s governance model are widely acknowledged and increasingly visible, the very convening of such a forum reflects a deeper institutional awareness: how do other societies perceive China’s policies? And where necessary, how can shortcomings be addressed to further refine this model? Organized jointly by Xinhua News Agency and an institution affiliated with the Communist Party of China, the dialogue explored not only domestic governance but also China’s evolving global role through fresh perspectives.
In the contemporary era, China’s governance is closely associated with the leadership of Xi Jinping. Under his direction, notable transformations have taken place at both ideological and practical levels. The reinterpretation of “socialism with Chinese characteristics”—often described as “Xi Jinping Thought”—seeks to align Marxist principles with China’s unique conditions and modern global realities. This evolution is not merely rhetorical; it is embedded in policymaking, economic planning and social organization. One of the most striking outcomes of this governance model has been the combination of rap-id economic growth with social stability. Over recent decades, China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty—an achievement that stands as a reference point for developing nations. Yet this success cannot be reduced to statistics alone. It is rooted in long-term strategic planning, a strong central governance structure and policy continuity—features that distinguish it from Western liberal democracies, where decision-making is often more fragmented and politically contested.
At the same time, China is now undergoing a critical transition. Its upcoming Five-Year Plan—the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030)—marks a significant turning point. The focus is shifting from the sheer speed of growth to what policymakers describe as “high-quality development.” This approach aims to address emerging economic challenges, including slowing growth and structural imbalances. Central to this strategy is the pursuit of technological self-reliance, the expansion of green energy and the strengthening of domestic consumption as key drivers of sustainable growth. The plan places particular emphasis on what are termed “new productive forces,” including artificial intelligence, quantum technology and biotechnology, positioning them as engines of future development.
Equally important is the effort to manage rising debt levels and transition away from a model based on rapid industrial expansion toward one grounded in innovation, efficiency and long-term sustainability. This reflects a broader recognition that the next phase of development must be not only fast, but also resilient and environmentally responsible. On the global stage, China has advanced initiatives such as the Global Development Initiative and the Global Governance Initiative, promoting a framework centred on multilateral cooperation and shared prosperity. By emphasizing the central role of the United Nations, China seeks to project itself as a responsible global power committed to strengthening the international system.
Critics often interpret these initiatives as instruments for expanding China’s geopolitical influence. However, on-the-ground outcomes—particularly through projects associated with the Belt and Road Initiative—suggest a more complex reality. In many regions, infrastructure development has contributed to economic activity, improved connectivity and enhanced liv-ing standards, offering an alternative pathway to development focused on construction rather than conflict. The broader discussions at the Think Tank Forum underscore a key conclusion: China’s governance model is increasingly being viewed, especially in the developing world, as a system worthy of serious consideration. Its ability to deliver tangible results within a relatively short time frame stands in contrast to the prolonged development trajectories experienced else-where.
In many parts of the world, generations pass with the hope that prosperity may come in the future—first for their children and then for their grandchildren. Such realities compel a re-thinking of governance approaches. While no single model can be universally applied due to differing historical, social and political contexts, China’s experience offers valuable insights. As a nation of 56 ethnic groups, China represents not just a national experiment in governance but a subject of growing global debate. Its model—marked by both notable achievements and persistent criticisms—will likely play an increasingly influential role in shaping the future of global politics and economic development. Success does not merely follow established paths—it creates new ones.
—The writer is a researcher on international affairs, BRI & CPEC.
