PAKISTAN and Afghanistan relations have been characterized by over eight decades of intense hostility, irritation and annoyance, except for one decade (1979–1988) of cooperation,…
OPERATION Bunyan-un-Marsus is a pivotal and heroic turning point for Pakistan because it was the most devastating moment in the country’s history. It marked the…
The Lahore Resolution, popularly described as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed by the All-India Muslim League on March 23, 1940, in Lahore. It was a…
DETERRENCE is a strategy aimed at preventing adversary aggression by creating a credible threat of severe consequences, making the cost of hostility unbearable. Nuclear deterrence,…
THE Kashmir dispute is widely recognized as one of the world’s longest-running, most violent and deeply entrenched issues, with roots extending back more than…
FOREIGN policy is the mechanism through which a country conducts diplomatic interactions and manages relationships with other nations. It reflects a country’s values and goals,…
HIGHER education is considered a key pillar of a country’s development and prosperity. It contributes to the progress of society, boosts socio-economic growth, and serves…
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the pivotal figure of Pakistan’s struggle for independence and served as the nation’s first Governor-General from 1947 until his death…
