Brig Naseem Akhtar R

  THE recent unrest in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) has exposed internal vulnerabilities that risk undermining Pakistan’s position in the broader Kashmir dispute. At…

In every conflict, there are two stories: the one that is told and the one that is lived. Wars are remembered for how they are…

ON a cold evening in the Valley, my maternal grandfather once traced a line across a worn map, not along a border, but across memory.…

  FROM sword to hybrid warfare, conflict has transformed profoundly and with it, the soul of soldiering. Where battles were once fought on visible frontlines,…

  THE language of global security is evolving, but policy thinking struggles to keep pace. Today’s threats are no longer confined by borders or defined…

  LONG before decisions are taken in war rooms or parliaments, they are quietly shaped by words on paper. Reports, headlines, policy briefs, intelligence assessments…

  FOR over four decades in military service and intelligence assignments, I witnessed conflict in its rawest and most complex forms, from the Soviet–Afghan War…

SECURITY threats today no longer emerge as isolated shocks. Instead, they intersect, reinforce one another and often develop gradually over time. Political instability fuels economic…

THE post–Cold War security order is unravelling and intersecting global crises have made security central to policymaking. Rivalries once confined to specific regions now intersect,…

Pakistan’s national security in a turbulent world The era of predictable global security is over. The transition from unipolarity to multipolarity is a gathering storm,…