FROM sword to hybrid warfare, conflict has transformed profoundly and with it, the soul of soldiering. Where battles were once fought on visible frontlines,…
LONG before decisions are taken in war rooms or parliaments, they are quietly shaped by words on paper. Reports, headlines, policy briefs, intelligence assessments…
FOR over four decades in military service and intelligence assignments, I witnessed conflict in its rawest and most complex forms, from the Soviet–Afghan War…
SECURITY threats today no longer emerge as isolated shocks. Instead, they intersect, reinforce one another and often develop gradually over time. Political instability fuels economic…
THE post–Cold War security order is unravelling and intersecting global crises have made security central to policymaking. Rivalries once confined to specific regions now intersect,…
Pakistan’s national security in a turbulent world The era of predictable global security is over. The transition from unipolarity to multipolarity is a gathering storm,…
In many developing countries, politics occupies a complicated and often contradictory space. It is celebrated as the core of democracy, a mechanism through which…
Ignorance is often misunderstood. Many people see it as a form of comfort, believing that when we don’t know something, life feels lighter. Avoiding difficult…
