Brig Naseem Akhtar R

  FOR centuries, national security was measured by the strength of armies, the sophistication of weapons and the ability to defend territorial borders. Wars were…

  IN a world of unpredictability, national strength depends not on eliminating uncertainty, but on managing it through intelligence, resilience and long-term thinking. The most…

  THE recent unrest in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) has exposed internal vulnerabilities that risk undermining Pakistan’s position in the broader Kashmir dispute. At…

In every conflict, there are two stories: the one that is told and the one that is lived. Wars are remembered for how they are…

ON a cold evening in the Valley, my maternal grandfather once traced a line across a worn map, not along a border, but across memory.…

  FROM sword to hybrid warfare, conflict has transformed profoundly and with it, the soul of soldiering. Where battles were once fought on visible frontlines,…

  THE language of global security is evolving, but policy thinking struggles to keep pace. Today’s threats are no longer confined by borders or defined…

  LONG before decisions are taken in war rooms or parliaments, they are quietly shaped by words on paper. Reports, headlines, policy briefs, intelligence assessments…

  FOR over four decades in military service and intelligence assignments, I witnessed conflict in its rawest and most complex forms, from the Soviet–Afghan War…

SECURITY threats today no longer emerge as isolated shocks. Instead, they intersect, reinforce one another and often develop gradually over time. Political instability fuels economic…