Breast cancer remains a critical health concern, particularly in South Asian countries where awareness and access to resources are often limited compared to more developed regions. In 2020, Pakistan recorded 26,000 new breast cancer cases, with approximately 12,000 fatalities, with estimates suggesting that one in nine women may develop the disease in their lifetime, according to the Global Cancer Observatory.
However, due to the lack of national cancer registries, the exact number of breast cancer cases in Pakistan remain underestimated, and it is expected that the incidence has likely risen not only in older women but also in women under 40 years of age.The World Health Organization estimates that breast cancer cases will rise by 47% by 2030, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This trend necessitates urgent action from healthcare systems worldwide and demands local governments to play a pivotal role in combating the dual challenges of infrastructure, awareness, and stigma. Several studies have identified that an individual has a greater than 90%, 5 – year relative survival rate if the cancer is detected in its early stages.
However, many women in Pakistan remain unaware of the importance of regular screenings and self-examinations. A study conducted by Pakistan Medical Council found that less than a quarter of the 400 participants, aged between 12 to 70, were aware of the warning signs of breast cancer, and 23.3% recognized pain in the armpit or one of the breasts as a potential sign.South Asians, including Pakistanis, are significantly affected by the stigma surrounding breast cancer, which contributes to this lack of awareness. Not only does the socioeconomic status determine the mindset in South Asian countries, but the patriarchal thought process often dictates whether a woman deserves medical help, especially in rural and interior parts of the country, where the medical infrastructure lacks adequate facilities to treat patients suffering from the illness.Additionally, the word ‘cancer’ evokes fear in many women, who are distressed that a cancer diagnosis will lead to marital issues or discrimination. Women often face social ostracism and, as a result, feel reluctant to seek help.
This delays diagnosis and is one of the leading causes of untimely death. In recent years, institutions such as the Aga Khan University Hospital have launched various awareness campaigns, community outreach programs, and open discussions to normalize conversations about breast cancer. They have also implemented regular screening programs and educational workshops to emphasize the importance of battling breast cancer and improving the chances of early detection.While these efforts are fruitful, they are not enough on their own.
There is an urgent need for institutions and government bodies to collaborate and develop medical infrastructure, expand access to advanced diagnostics, and focus on a comprehensive approach to improve breast cancer health nationwide.Only through consistent and collaborative efforts can the myths and stigmas surrounding breast cancer in Pakistan be debunked. Promoting access to healthcare and raising awareness are the pillars our community needs to catalyse change for future generations. Author: Dr. Sana Zeeshan, Consultant Breast Surgeon, the Aga Khan University Hospital
