IN Pakistan, uncertainty has become a defining feature of our daily lives. The constant state of unpredictability can lead to heightened levels of stress and anxiety among the population. People may experience a sense of helplessness and lack of control over their lives which can contribute to mental health issues such as stress, depression and anxiety disorders. If we talk about the economic factor, one of the most immediate and tangible sources of uncertainty is the frequent fluctuation in petrol and electricity prices. Fluctuation in petrol price not only affects transportation costs but also has a ripple effect on the prices of goods and services, making it difficult for families to budget and plan for the future.
This week, the Federal Government announced a significant development—a reduction in fuel prices. Specifically, the cost of petrol has decreased by Rs10 per litre, dropping from Rs259.10 to Rs249.10. Meanwhile, electricity prices have seen a notable increase, with 14 price adjustments implemented over the past year. The most significant hike occurred in March 2024, resulting in an increase of Rs7.06 per unit. These frequent adjustments have cumulatively added over Rs455 billion to consumer expenses. The key factors contributing to these price surges include government policies, conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and inefficiencies within the power sector.
A school teacher in Islamabad faces increasing difficulty managing her household budget due to frequent fluctuations in petrol prices. “Every time the petrol prices go up, I have to cut down on other essentials. It’s a constant juggling act,” she says. The financial stress has taken a toll on mental health, leading to anxiety and sleepless nights. The younger generation, particularly Gen Z, faces overwhelming pressure to navigate between traditional expectations and modern demands. The rapid pace of technological change and a competitive environment contribute to mental health challenges such as anxiety and stress. A 22-year-old software developer represents the challenges faced by Gen Z in Pakistan: “There’s a constant pressure to excel in a competitive environment while also meeting traditional family expectations.” The rapid technological changes and uncertainty about career paths lead to bouts of anxiety and self-doubt.
Women in Pakistan encounter unique stressors related to safety, education and economic opportunities. The uncertainty in their daily lives, from personal safety to professional opportunities, significantly impacts their mental health. A working mother in Karachi shares, “Every day, I worry about my safety and the safety of my daughter. The uncertainty in our lives is overwhelming.” Societal pressures and cultural norms add to the mental burden, making it difficult to balance personal and professional life.Economic and social pressures are not unique to Pakistan only, they are a global concern. Many countries experience rising costs of living which can strain household budgets. For example, inflation has been a significant issue in countries like Argentina and Turkey. Countries like Spain and South Africa have struggled with high unemployment rates. In cities like New York, London and Sydney the high cost of housing can be a major source of stress for residents. Countries experiencing political turmoil such as Venezuela and Lebanon often see increased social stress due to uncertainty and unrest. In regions affected by conflict or high crime rates, such as parts of the Middle East and Central America, safety concerns can be a significant source of stress.
Limited access to healthcare including mental health services is a common issue in many countries contributing to social stress. This is seen in both developing and developed nations. Discrimination and inequality based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status can also lead to significant stress. This is a widespread issue affecting countries like the United States, Brazil and India. People in different countries adopt various strategies to cope with these stresses. Community support always helps, building strong community networks can provide emotional and practical support. Government Programs such as social safety nets, including unemployment benefits and healthcare subsidies can help alleviate some economic stresses. Media also plays a significant role in helping the public manage stress related to economic and social pressures by providing valuable information about economic trends, job opportunities and financial management tips to help people make informed decisions. Engaging in entertainment can provide a temporary escape from daily stresses offering a mental break and relaxation. Access to counselling and mental health services can help individuals manage stress more effectively. In Pakistan, we need to promote awareness about mental health and stress management techniques. This can empower individuals to seek help and adopt healthier coping mechanisms.
—The writer is contributing columnist, based in Islamabad.
