PAKISTAN got its independence on August 14, 1947 through the selfless efforts of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Liaquat Ali Khan, Allama Iqbal and numerous others although they were opposed tooth and nail by the Hindu leaders of the Sub-Continent. Independence would not have come about and the British Raj in the Indian sub-continent would have continued unabated for a few more decades if the Second World War had not weakened the Empire, providing pro-independence movements the desired impetus to be rejuvenated. Hindus and Muslims, the two main communities residing in India, had separate agendas. Hindus were the original inhabitants of the Sub-Continent while the Muslims, came as invaders and became rulers till the British dominated them. The Hindus, in majority, desired to take over the reins from the British and suppress the Muslims to avenge nearly three hundred years of subjugation.
The Muslims knew that departure of the British would only mean a change of rulers while the Hindus would be more brutal than the British. Hindu leaders like Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru aligned themselves with the British attempting to impede the creation of Pakistan or in the worst-case scenario, accede to a truncated Pakistan which would not survive long and could be gobbled up by India. Lord Mountbatten, the last Indian Viceroy and a close friend of Jawaharlal Nehru, according to the Beaumont Papers, swayed Cyril Radcliff in shifting the final Pak-India boundary to India’s advantage like reassigning Gurdaspur to it, providing ground access to Kashmir. In 1947, Christopher Beaumont was private secretary to the senior British judge, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, Chairman of the Indo-Pakistan Boundary Commission; Beaumont Papers was made public in 1992. The partition resulted in the dissolution of the British Empire and a mass exodus of humanity, displacing up to 12.5 million people in the former British Indian Empire, with estimates of loss of life up to a million, since marauding bands of Hindu and Sikh fanatics set upon the refugees with equally depraved Muslims retaliating this side. The violent nature of the partition created an atmosphere of mutual hostility and suspicion between India and Pakistan that plagues their relationship till this day.
Mountbatten-Nehru-Radcliff triad’s surreptitiously providing India with a land link to the Valley of Kashmir, enabled it to physically occupy the Valley, resulting in the First Kashmir War of 1947-48, creating the core issue of Kashmir which has become a festering sore and flashpoint between the two nuclear weapons equipped states. The partition deal also included the division of state assets comprising the British Indian Armed Forces, the Indian Civil Service and other administrative services, the Indian Railways, and the Central Treasury. Pakistan did not receive even an iota of the assets assigned to it which led to major problems for the fledgling state.
Seventy-six years since partition, if one were to review the state of affairs in the erstwhile Sub-Continent, one can see that India is firmly traversing the path of democracy and progress. Pakistan was unfortunate that it lost both Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder and Quaid-i-Millat, Liaquat Ali Khan, his able successor in the initial years. Myopic policies made Pakistan a client state of the US which used Pakistan according to its own agenda. Britain, the mother country, made no effort to resolve problems it had left behind at the time of partition. In Pakistan, the common man has been totally ignored by subsequent rulers, both military and civilian, who were more intent towards extending their reign or corrupt civilian leadership which has been bent upon lining its own nest providing space to the military to dictate both the defence as well as the foreign policies of Pakistan while the masses suffered.
Today, traumatized by the war on terror, crushed by double digit inflation and a collapsing economy, devastated through constant power outages, lawlessness and unemployment, seething with political turmoil, Pakistan is a far cry from the vision of Iqbal, Liaquat and Jinnah. It was perhaps in this scenario that Faiz Ahmed Faiz, in his memorable poem “Yeh woh seher to nahin” (This is not that dawn…), commented on the partition: This blighted dawn, this darkened sun. This is not the dawn we had waited for…The night’s burden has not diminished, The hour of deliverance for the eye and the heart has not yet arrived. Face forward! For our destination is not yet in sight
Despite initial despondency, Faiz leaves us with a ray of hope. Doubting Thomas gave Pakistan only a couple of years to survive. The breakup of the Eastern wing in 1971, proved the naysayers right but since then Pakistan has come a long way despite its detractors’ impediments planted in its path to progress. The myriad problems facing Pakistan stem from poor governance, corruption, negligence to the provision of essential amenities. This Independence Day, let us resolve to take the bull by the horns and tackle the problems audaciously. Waiting for the government to resolve the burning issues will not redeem us. Every citizen of Pakistan has to chip in since it is our very survival which is at stake. Various political parties need to sink in their differences and unite to resolve the issues.
Pakistan can still come out of the abyss it is steeped in by focusing on the growth of its economy and indulging in trade and commerce with its neighbours on an equal footing. The progress of ASEAN, SCO and EU should serve as examples for emulation where neighbours share the strengths and opportunities of each other, bringing prosperity to all. SAARC, which was created with the same aspirations, has been held hostage by our powerful and belligerent eastern neighbour. There is a lot of potential in Pakistan. Its strategic location, the natural resources it has, the tourism spots and above all, hard-working manpower. The development of mega projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, if handled prudently, can enable Pakistan to rise to its true potential of economic development and take its rightful place in the comity of nations and make our founding fathers proud and let the dawn of hope be discernible.
—The writer is a Retired Group Captain of PAF, who has written several books on China.
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