The economic cost of domestic violence
FOR years, we have been debating over the deteriorating economic condition of our country, with rising inflation, business closures and a state of stagflation. Each candidate claims to possess the tools to fix the leaks but gets defensive when asked about their failures. However, the impact of this economic decline goes beyond financial struggles; it has a profound correlation with domestic violence. When a household’s economic condition worsens, domestic violence tends to increase.
According to a study by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), even a 1% increase in domestic violence can lead to a 9% decrease in economic activity. Economically weaker regions, such as sub-Saharan African countries, experience higher rates of domestic violence. If these countries could reduce gender-based violence to the global average, their GDP could increase by 30%. This study underscores two critical points: countries with higher economic hardships tend to have higher levels of domestic violence and reducing such cases can yield financial benefits despite the perception that there is no associated cost.
In Pakistan, despite growing awareness of women’s rights, the mistreatment of women persists. Cases of honour killing, battering, rape, child marriage, incest, dowry death, bride burning, child marriage and infibulation continue to plague our society. Shockingly, around 90% of women experience some form of abuse, with half of them remaining silent due to societal pressures. Only 0.4% of victims choose to pursue legal action as pursuing legal recourse is often seen as bringing dishonour to the family. Disturbingly, last year more than half of the reported child abuse cases in the media involved girls and 80% of the abusers were acquaintances. Women are often unsafe within their own homes, where they should feel secure. As economic conditions worsen, the incidence of domestic violence tends to rise. This pattern is not unique to Pakistan; it holds in other countries as well. International research reveals that couples facing severe financial strain have a domestic violence rate of 9.5%, whereas those in relatively better financial positions have a rate of 2.7%. Financial constraints exacerbate problems, limiting access to food, healthcare, education and recreation, leading to heightened frustration.
The relationship between worsening economic conditions and domestic violence is complex. In our society financially dependent women are not the sole victims; women who are financially independent or earn more than their male counterparts face a higher risk of abuse. Insecurity and inferiority complexes among men, triggered by financial difficulties, contribute to this dynamic. Independent women may have the means to conceal the abuse they endure, but they are more susceptible to domestic violence. The impact of abuse on their professional lives, including reduced productivity and employment difficulties, cannot be ignored. Severe abuse can lead to mental and physical health disorders, compounding their challenges.
Disturbingly, some men intentionally sabotage women’s livelihoods, subjecting them to economic abuse, even if it further diminishes the family’s financial position. While it is true that independent women may be more prone to domestic violence, this does not justify neglecting their plight. An IMF study highlights that countries where women have access to education and enjoy a higher degree of decision-making, experience lower economic costs associated with domestic violence. A sense of achievement and success in their lives boosts their self-esteem, making them feel less isolated.
Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, there is a need for greater awareness and education regarding women’s rights and the consequences of domestic violence. Empowering women with knowledge and resources can help them break free from abusive relationships and seek support. Additionally, the implementation and enforcement of strict laws against domestic violence are vital to providing protection and justice for victims. It is also crucial to invest in the education and emotional well-being of our children. By teaching them about healthy relationships, respect and gender equality from a young age, we can break the cycle of violence and create a more inclusive and compassionate society.
The relationship between domestic violence and worsening economic conditions in Pakistan is evident. It is crucial to recognize that domestic violence carries not only a social and moral cost but also an economic one. We must address both the economic challenges and the deeply rooted societal issues that contribute to this violence. For that, more research and studies should be carried out. By striving for economic empowerment, enforcing laws and promoting education, we can create a safer and more equitable society for all.
—The writer is contributing columnist, based in Karachi.
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