Dr Asif Channer
As temperatures in Pakistan exceed the 50 degree Celsius mark, the country faces a public health crisis. The intense heat wave increases the risk of heat stroke and heat exhaustion, seriously threatening the health and lives of millions of people. This column aims to raise awareness of these dangers and highlight important precautions the public and governments can take to minimize the impact of these extreme weather conditions. Heat stroke and heat exhaustion are the two most common heat-related illnesses. Heat stroke, the most serious of all, occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system fails to function, causing body temperature to rise to dangerous levels.
Symptoms include high body temperature (above 104°F or 40°C), confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Heat exhaustion, while less severe, can still be debilitating, with symptoms including excessive sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea and headaches. People’s awareness is the first line of defense against the dangers caused by heat waves. Staying hydrated is very important. The human body loses a significant amount of water through sweat, so it is important to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Water is the best choice, but oral rehydration solutions and electrolyte-rich drinks may also be beneficial. Wearing light, loose, light-colored clothing can help keep your body cool. People should seek shade whenever possible and stay indoors during peak sun hours, usually from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Staying indoors, using a fan, air conditioning or even taking a cool shower can help lower your body temperature. It is essential to reduce strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest times of the day. If exercising or working outside is unavoidable, taking regular breaks in the shade and drinking water regularly can help prevent heat-related illnesses. Education about the signs and symptoms of heatstroke and heat exhaustion can save lives.
Knowing when to see a doctor is important; For example, if a person has symptoms of heatstroke, they need immediate medical attention. Communities can play an important role in protecting vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, and people with pre-existing health conditions. Governments have an important role to play in minimizing the impact of heat waves. Effective strategies include launching widespread public information campaigns to educate people about the risks of heat waves and the steps they can take to protect themselves. This can be done through television, radio, social media and community outreach programs. It is essential to develop and implement comprehensive emergency response plans appropriate for heat waves.
This includes setting up heat health alert systems, improving health facilities to cope with the wave of heat-related illnesses and ensuring emergency services are prepared to respond quickly. Long-term measures include urban planning strategies for temperature mitigation.
This involves increasing green space, planting trees and using reflective materials in buildings to reduce the urban heat island effect. Ensuring reliable access to electricity is vital, as power outages during heat waves can be fatal. Investing in robust energy infrastructure to support cooling systems and providing grants or financial assistance for air conditioning equipment to low-income families can create out a significant difference. As Pakistan grapples with unprecedented heat waves, collective efforts by individuals, communities and governments are required to protect public health. By raising awareness, taking preventative measures and implementing strategic interventions, we can reduce the devastating impact of extreme heat. It is everyone’s responsibility to ensure that no one suffers needlessly in the face of such formidable challenges. Through education, preparation and proactive action, we can overcome heat waves together and become resilient and informed.
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